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2023 Vol. 53, No. 11

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2023-11 Contents
2023, 53(11): 1-2.
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2023-11 Abstract
2023, 53(11): 1-2.
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Mathematics
Measuring systemic risk for financial time series: A dynamic bivariate Dvine model
Yu Chen, Xinyi Cao, Shuyue Jin, Tao Xu
2023, 53(11): 1101. doi: 10.52396/JUSTC-2023-0014
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Accurate measurements of the tail risk of financial assets are major interest in financial markets. The main objective of our paper is to measure and forecast the value-at-risk (VaR) and the conditional value-at-risk (CoVaR) of financial assets using a new bivariate time series model. The proposed model can simultaneously capture serial dependence and cross-sectional dependence that exist in bivariate time series to improve the accuracy of estimation and prediction. In the process of model inference, we provide the parameter estimators of our bivariate time series model and give the estimators of VaR and CoVaR via the plug-in principle. We also establish the asymptotic properties of the Dvine model estimators. Real applications for financial stock price show that our model performs well in risk measurement and prediction.
Inference of subgroup-level treatment effects via generic causal tree in observational studies
Caiwei Zhang, Zemin Zheng
2023, 53(11): 1102. doi: 10.52396/JUSTC-2022-0054
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Exploring heterogeneity in causal effects has wide applications in the field of policy evaluation and decision-making. In recent years, researchers have begun employing machine learning methods to study causality, among which the most popular methods generally estimate heterogeneous treatment effects at the individual level. However, we argue that in large sample cases, identifying heterogeneity at the subgroup level is more intuitive and intelligble from a decision-making perspective. In this paper, we provide a tree-based method, called the generic causal tree (GCT), to identify the subgroup-level treatment effects in observational studies. The tree is designed to split by maximizing the disparity of treatment effects between subgroups, embedding a semiparametric framework for the improvement of treatment effect estimation. To accomplish valid statistical inference of the tree-based estimators of treatment effects, we adopt honest estimation to separate tree-building process and inference process. In the simulation, we show that the GCT algorithm has distinct advantages in subgroup identification and gives estimation with higher accuracy compared with the other two benchmark methods. Additionally, we verify the effectiveness of statistical inference by GCT.
Online confidence interval estimation for federated heterogeneous optimization
Yu Wang, Wenquan Cui, Jianjun Xu
2023, 53(11): 1103. doi: 10.52396/JUSTC-2022-0179
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From a statistical viewpoint, it is essential to perform statistical inference in federated learning to understand the underlying data distribution. Due to the heterogeneity in the number of local iterations and in local datasets, traditional statistical inference methods are not competent in federated learning. This paper studies how to construct confidence intervals for federated heterogeneous optimization problems. We introduce the rescaled federated averaging estimate and prove the consistency of the estimate. Focusing on confidence interval estimation, we establish the asymptotic normality of the parameter estimate produced by our algorithm and show that the asymptotic covariance is inversely proportional to the client participation rate. We propose an online confidence interval estimation method called separated plug-in via rescaled federated averaging. This method can construct valid confidence intervals online when the number of local iterations is different across clients. Since there are variations in clients and local datasets, the heterogeneity in the number of local iterations is common. Consequently, confidence interval estimation for federated heterogeneous optimization problems is of great significance.
Distances in a geographical attachment network model
Ziling Xu, Qunqiang Feng
2023, 53(11): 1104. doi: 10.52396/JUSTC-2023-0082
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Distances between nodes are one of the most essential subjects in the study of complex networks. In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behaviors of two types of distances in a model of geographic attachment networks (GANs): the typical distance and the flooding time. By generating an auxiliary tree and using a continuous-time branching process, we demonstrate that in this model the typical distance is asymptotically normal, and the flooding time converges to a given constant in probability as well.
Gaussian graphical model estimation with measurement error
Xianglu Wang
2023, 53(11): 1105. doi: 10.52396/JUSTC-2022-0108
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It is well known that regression methods designed for clean data will lead to erroneous results if directly applied to corrupted data. Despite the recent methodological and algorithmic advances in Gaussian graphical model estimation, how to achieve efficient and scalable estimation under contaminated covariates is unclear. Here a new methodology called convex conditioned innovative scalable efficient estimation (COCOISEE) for Gaussian graphical models under both additive and multiplicative measurement errors is developed. It combines the strengths of the innovative scalable efficient estimation in the Gaussian graphical model and the nearest positive semidefinite matrix projection, thus enjoying stepwise convexity and scalability. Comprehensive theoretical guarantees are provided and the effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through numerical studies.
The fluctuation of eigenvalues in factor models
Fanglin Bao, Bo Zhang
2023, 53(11): 1106. doi: 10.52396/JUSTC-2023-0016
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We consider the fluctuation of eigenvalues in factor models and propose a new method for testing the model. Based on the characteristics of eigenvalues, variables of unknown distribution are transformed into statistics of known distribution through randomization. The test statistic checks for breaks in the structure of factor models, including changes in factor loadings and increases in the number of factors. We give the results of simulation experiments and test the factor structure of the stock return data of China’s and U.S. stock markets from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019. Our method performs well in both simulations and real data.

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