Abstract: The analysis and assessment of water quality characteristic are of great significance in the research process of water resource management and pollution control of coal mining subsidence area. Five functional areas (A, B, C, D and E) in subsidence area of the Linhuan industrial park in the Huaibei Coalfield were selected to analyze and evaluate the water pollution characteristic of wet season and dry season in 2014 using comprehensive water quality identification index method. Moreover, principle component analysis was applied to identify pollution sources．The results showed that: ① The dominant pollutants were total nitrogen, total phosphorus and dichromate index, indicating a risk of eutrophication of water; ② The comprehensive water quality identification index of different functional areas showed that E(4.240 9)>D(4.130 9)>C(4.040 9)>B(3.940 9)>A(3.630 9) in wet season, and E(4.330 9)=D(4.330 9)>C(4.020 9)>B(3.920 9)>A(3.620 9) in dry season. ③ The pollution in this study area derived mainly from resident activity, coal, chemical factory, and agriculture. These pollution sources shifted from point sources in wet season to non-point sources in dry season.