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How is a black hole created from nothing?

  • Department of Physics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China

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https://doi.org/10.52396/JUSTC-2024-0010
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  • Corresponding author: E-mail: zcwu2007@yahoo.com
  • Received Date: 29 January 2024
  • Accepted Date: 12 March 2024
    Abstract

  • Abstract

    Using the synchronous coordinates, the creation of a Schwarzschild black hole immersed in a de Sitter spacetime can be viewed as a coherent creation of a collection of timelike geodesics. The previously supposed conical singularities do not exist at the horizons of the constrained instanton. Instead, the unavoidable irregularity is presented as a non-vanishing second fundamental form elsewhere at the quantum transition 3-surface. The same arguments can be applied to charged, topological or higher dimensional black hole cases.

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    The black hole (picture created by AI)

    Abstract

    Using the synchronous coordinates, the creation of a Schwarzschild black hole immersed in a de Sitter spacetime can be viewed as a coherent creation of a collection of timelike geodesics. The previously supposed conical singularities do not exist at the horizons of the constrained instanton. Instead, the unavoidable irregularity is presented as a non-vanishing second fundamental form elsewhere at the quantum transition 3-surface. The same arguments can be applied to charged, topological or higher dimensional black hole cases.

    • Public Summary

    • Using the synchronous coordinates, the creation of a Schwarzschild black hole immersed in a de Sitter spacetime can be viewed as a coherent creation of a collection of timelike geodesics.
    • The previously supposed conical singularities do not exist at the horizons of the constrained instanton. Instead, the unavoidable irregularity is presented as a non-vanishing second fundamental form elsewhere at the quantum transition 3-surface.

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    • References(16)
  • [1]
    Hawking S W. The boundary conditions of the universe. In: Bruck H A, Coyne G V, Longair M S, et al. editors. Astrophysical Cosmology. Proceedings on Cosmology and Fundamental Physics. Vatican: The Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 1982 , 48: 563.
    [2]
    Hartle J B, Hawking S W. Wave function of the universe. Physical Review D, 1983, 28: 2960. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.28.2960
    [3]
    Gibbons G W, Hawking S W. Cosmological event horizons, thermodynamics, and particle creation. Physical Review D, 1977, 15: 2738. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.15.2738
    [4]
    Gibbons G W, Hawking S W. Action integrals and partition functions in quantum gravity. Physical Review D, 1977, 15: 2752. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.15.2752
    [5]
    Wu Z C. Entropy of a Black Hole with Distinct Surface Gravities. General Relativity and Gravitation. 2000, 32: 1823.
    [6]
    Bousso R, Hawking S W. Probability for primordial black holes. Physical Review D, 1995, 52: 5659. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.52.5659
    [7]
    Wu Z C. Quantum creation of a black hole. International Journal of Modern Physics D, 1997, 6: 199–210. doi: 10.1142/s0218271897000121
    [8]
    Bousso R, Hawking S W. Lorentzian condition in quantum gravity. Physical Review D, 1999, 59: 103501. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.59.103501
    [9]
    Wu Z C. Creation of Closed or Open Universe from Constrained Instanton. General Relativity and Gravitation, 1998, 30: 1639–1643. doi: 10.1023/A:1026668322706
    [10]
    Misner C W, Thorne K S, Wheeler J A. Gravitation. Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press, 1973 .
    [11]
    Teitelboim C. Action and entropy of extreme and nonextreme black holes. Physical Review D, 1995, 51: 4315. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.51.4315
    [12]
    Z.C. Wu, in Proceeding of the Fourth Marcel Grossman Meeting edited by R. Ruffini (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1986).
    [13]
    Hawking S W, Ross S F, Duality between electric and magnetic black holes. Physical. Review D, 1995, 52: 5865. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.52.5865
    [14]
    Mann R B, Ross S F. Cosmological production of charged black hole pairs. Physical Review D, 1995, 52: 2254. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.52.2254
    [15]
    Dias Ó J C, Lemos J P S. Pair creation of higher dimensional black holes on a de Sitter background. Physical Review D, 2004, 70: 124023. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.70.124023
    [16]
    Myers R C, Myers-Perry black holes. In: Horowitz G T. editor. Black Holes in Higher Dimensions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012: 101–133.
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    [1]
    Hawking S W. The boundary conditions of the universe. In: Bruck H A, Coyne G V, Longair M S, et al. editors. Astrophysical Cosmology. Proceedings on Cosmology and Fundamental Physics. Vatican: The Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 1982 , 48: 563.
    [2]
    Hartle J B, Hawking S W. Wave function of the universe. Physical Review D, 1983, 28: 2960. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.28.2960
    [3]
    Gibbons G W, Hawking S W. Cosmological event horizons, thermodynamics, and particle creation. Physical Review D, 1977, 15: 2738. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.15.2738
    [4]
    Gibbons G W, Hawking S W. Action integrals and partition functions in quantum gravity. Physical Review D, 1977, 15: 2752. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.15.2752
    [5]
    Wu Z C. Entropy of a Black Hole with Distinct Surface Gravities. General Relativity and Gravitation. 2000, 32: 1823.
    [6]
    Bousso R, Hawking S W. Probability for primordial black holes. Physical Review D, 1995, 52: 5659. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.52.5659
    [7]
    Wu Z C. Quantum creation of a black hole. International Journal of Modern Physics D, 1997, 6: 199–210. doi: 10.1142/s0218271897000121
    [8]
    Bousso R, Hawking S W. Lorentzian condition in quantum gravity. Physical Review D, 1999, 59: 103501. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.59.103501
    [9]
    Wu Z C. Creation of Closed or Open Universe from Constrained Instanton. General Relativity and Gravitation, 1998, 30: 1639–1643. doi: 10.1023/A:1026668322706
    [10]
    Misner C W, Thorne K S, Wheeler J A. Gravitation. Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press, 1973 .
    [11]
    Teitelboim C. Action and entropy of extreme and nonextreme black holes. Physical Review D, 1995, 51: 4315. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.51.4315
    [12]
    Z.C. Wu, in Proceeding of the Fourth Marcel Grossman Meeting edited by R. Ruffini (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1986).
    [13]
    Hawking S W, Ross S F, Duality between electric and magnetic black holes. Physical. Review D, 1995, 52: 5865. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.52.5865
    [14]
    Mann R B, Ross S F. Cosmological production of charged black hole pairs. Physical Review D, 1995, 52: 2254. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.52.2254
    [15]
    Dias Ó J C, Lemos J P S. Pair creation of higher dimensional black holes on a de Sitter background. Physical Review D, 2004, 70: 124023. doi: 10.1103/physrevd.70.124023
    [16]
    Myers R C, Myers-Perry black holes. In: Horowitz G T. editor. Black Holes in Higher Dimensions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012: 101–133.
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