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CN 34-1054/N

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Corrosion behavior of 316L and T91 steels in stagnant lead-bismuth eutectic at 550 ℃

  • 1.

    School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China

  • 2.

    Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Cite this:
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-2778.2015.09.008
  • Received Date: 21 July 2014
  • Accepted Date: 10 January 2015
  • Rev Recd Date: 10 January 2015
  • Publish Date: 30 September 2015
    Abstract

  • Abstract

    Liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is an important spallation target material and coolant candidate in accelerator driven sub-critical systems (ADS), and is also a key coolant material for advanced fast reactors. Since LBE has a strong corrosion for structural materials, its application is required to give priority to the problem of compatibility between LBE and structural materials at high temperatures. Experiments were conducted on the corrosion behavior of the two ADS candidate structural materials (316L and T91 stainless steels) in static LBE at 550 ℃ for 1000 h. The microstructure morphology of the etched cross-sections of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the distribution of the main chemical compositions in the interface of LBE and the matrix was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the two samples were subjected to a strong dissolution of the elements and the LBE penetration, and T91 showed a slightly better corrosion resistance to LBE than 316L.

    Abstract

    Liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is an important spallation target material and coolant candidate in accelerator driven sub-critical systems (ADS), and is also a key coolant material for advanced fast reactors. Since LBE has a strong corrosion for structural materials, its application is required to give priority to the problem of compatibility between LBE and structural materials at high temperatures. Experiments were conducted on the corrosion behavior of the two ADS candidate structural materials (316L and T91 stainless steels) in static LBE at 550 ℃ for 1000 h. The microstructure morphology of the etched cross-sections of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the distribution of the main chemical compositions in the interface of LBE and the matrix was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the two samples were subjected to a strong dissolution of the elements and the LBE penetration, and T91 showed a slightly better corrosion resistance to LBE than 316L.
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    • References(21)
  • [1]
    Kapoor S S. Roadmap for development of Accelerator Driven Sub-critical Reactor Systems (ADS): An interim report of the co-ordination committee on ADS[R]. Mumbai, Indina: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2001: BARC/2001/R/004.
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    Saito S, Tsujimoto K， Kikuchi K，et al. Design optimization of ADS plant proposed by JAERI [J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2006, 562: 646-649.
    [3]
    Knebel J U, Cheng X, Lefhalm C H. Design and corrosion study of a closed spallation target module of an accelerator-driven system (ADS)[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2000, 202: 279-296.
    [4]
    Schulenberg T, Cheng X, Stieglitz R. Thermal-hydraulics of lead bismuth for accelerator driven system[C] //The 11th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics (NURETH-11). Avignon, France: Popes Palace Conference Center, 2005: Paper 159.
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    Wu Yican, Huang Qunying, Bai Yunqing, et al. Preliminary experimental study on the corrosion of structural steels in liquid lead bismuth loop[J]. 2010, 30(3): 238-243.
    吴宜灿, 黄群英, 柏云清,等. 液态铅铋回路设计研制与材料腐蚀实验初步研究[J]. 核科学与工程, 2010, 30(3): 238-243.
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    Aiello A, Azzati M, Benamati G, et al. Corrosion behaviour of stainless steels in flowing LBE at low and high oxygen concentration [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2004, 335(2): 169-173.
    [7]
    Doubková A, Di Gabriele F, Brabec P, et al. Corrosion behavior of steels in flowing lead-bismuth under abnormal conditions [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2008, 376(3): 260-264.
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    Weisenburger A, Schroer C, Jianu A, et al. Long term corrosion on T91 and AISI1 316L steel in flowing lead alloy and corrosion protection barrier development: Experiments and models [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415(3): 260-269.
    [9]
    Schroer C, Voβ, Z, Wedemeyer O, et al. Oxidation of steel T91 in flowing lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 550 ℃ [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2006, 356(1-3): 189-197.
    [10]
    Benamati G, Gessi A, Zhang P Z. Corrosion experiments in flowing LBE at 450 ℃ [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2006, 356(1-3): 198-202.
    [11]
    Zhang J. A review of steel corrosion by liquid lead and lead-bismuth[J]. Corrosion Science, 2009, 51(6): 1 207-1 227.
    [12]
    Gromov B F, Orlov Y I, Martynov P N, et al. Issues of technology of heavy liquid metal coolants (lead-bismuth and lead)[C]// Proceedings of Heavy Liquid Metal Coolants in Nuclear Technology, HLMC98, Obninsk, Russia, 1998.
    [13]
    Gorynin I V, Karzov G P, Markov V G, et al. Structural materials for power plants with heavy liquid metal as coolant[C]// Proceedings of Heavy Liquid Metal Coolants in Nuclear Technology, HLMC98, Obninsk, Russia, 1998.
    [14]
    Yachmenyov G S, Rusanov A E, et al. Problems of structural materials corrosion in lead-bismuth coolant[C] //Proceedings of Heavy Liquid Metal Coolants in Nuclear Technology, HLMC98, Obninsk, Russia, 1998.
    [15]
    Kurata Y, Futakawa M. Excellent corrosion resistance of 18Cr-20Ni-5Si steel in liquid Pb-Bi [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2004, 325(2-3): 217-222.
    [16]
    Illincev G, Karnik D, Paulovic M, et al. The impact of the composition of structural steels on their corrosion stability in liquid Pb-Bi at 500 and 400 ℃ with different oxygen concentrations [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2004, 335: 210-216.
    [17]
    Zhang J, Li N, Chen Y, et al. Corrosion behaviors of US steels in flowing lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE)[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2005, 336(1): 1-10.
    [18]
    Kurata Y, Futakawa M, Saito S. Corrosion behavior of steels in liquid lead-bismuth with low oxygen concentrations [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2008, 373(1-3): 164-178.
    [19]
    Zhang J, Li N. Review of the studies on fundamental issues in LBE corrosion [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2008, 373(1-3): 351-357.
    [20]
    Lyutyi E M. Problems of high-temperature liquid-metal corrosion of refractory metals and alloys [J]. Soviet Materials Science, 1988, 24(5): 441-445.
    [21]
    Kurata Y, Futakawa M, Saito S. Comparison of the corrosion behavior of austenitic and ferritic/martensitic steels exposed to static liquid Pb-Bi at 450 and 550 ℃ [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2005, 343: 333-340.
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    [1]
    Kapoor S S. Roadmap for development of Accelerator Driven Sub-critical Reactor Systems (ADS): An interim report of the co-ordination committee on ADS[R]. Mumbai, Indina: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2001: BARC/2001/R/004.
    [2]
    Saito S, Tsujimoto K， Kikuchi K，et al. Design optimization of ADS plant proposed by JAERI [J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2006, 562: 646-649.
    [3]
    Knebel J U, Cheng X, Lefhalm C H. Design and corrosion study of a closed spallation target module of an accelerator-driven system (ADS)[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2000, 202: 279-296.
    [4]
    Schulenberg T, Cheng X, Stieglitz R. Thermal-hydraulics of lead bismuth for accelerator driven system[C] //The 11th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics (NURETH-11). Avignon, France: Popes Palace Conference Center, 2005: Paper 159.
    [5]
    Wu Yican, Huang Qunying, Bai Yunqing, et al. Preliminary experimental study on the corrosion of structural steels in liquid lead bismuth loop[J]. 2010, 30(3): 238-243.
    吴宜灿, 黄群英, 柏云清,等. 液态铅铋回路设计研制与材料腐蚀实验初步研究[J]. 核科学与工程, 2010, 30(3): 238-243.
    [6]
    Aiello A, Azzati M, Benamati G, et al. Corrosion behaviour of stainless steels in flowing LBE at low and high oxygen concentration [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2004, 335(2): 169-173.
    [7]
    Doubková A, Di Gabriele F, Brabec P, et al. Corrosion behavior of steels in flowing lead-bismuth under abnormal conditions [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2008, 376(3): 260-264.
    [8]
    Weisenburger A, Schroer C, Jianu A, et al. Long term corrosion on T91 and AISI1 316L steel in flowing lead alloy and corrosion protection barrier development: Experiments and models [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415(3): 260-269.
    [9]
    Schroer C, Voβ, Z, Wedemeyer O, et al. Oxidation of steel T91 in flowing lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 550 ℃ [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2006, 356(1-3): 189-197.
    [10]
    Benamati G, Gessi A, Zhang P Z. Corrosion experiments in flowing LBE at 450 ℃ [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2006, 356(1-3): 198-202.
    [11]
    Zhang J. A review of steel corrosion by liquid lead and lead-bismuth[J]. Corrosion Science, 2009, 51(6): 1 207-1 227.
    [12]
    Gromov B F, Orlov Y I, Martynov P N, et al. Issues of technology of heavy liquid metal coolants (lead-bismuth and lead)[C]// Proceedings of Heavy Liquid Metal Coolants in Nuclear Technology, HLMC98, Obninsk, Russia, 1998.
    [13]
    Gorynin I V, Karzov G P, Markov V G, et al. Structural materials for power plants with heavy liquid metal as coolant[C]// Proceedings of Heavy Liquid Metal Coolants in Nuclear Technology, HLMC98, Obninsk, Russia, 1998.
    [14]
    Yachmenyov G S, Rusanov A E, et al. Problems of structural materials corrosion in lead-bismuth coolant[C] //Proceedings of Heavy Liquid Metal Coolants in Nuclear Technology, HLMC98, Obninsk, Russia, 1998.
    [15]
    Kurata Y, Futakawa M. Excellent corrosion resistance of 18Cr-20Ni-5Si steel in liquid Pb-Bi [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2004, 325(2-3): 217-222.
    [16]
    Illincev G, Karnik D, Paulovic M, et al. The impact of the composition of structural steels on their corrosion stability in liquid Pb-Bi at 500 and 400 ℃ with different oxygen concentrations [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2004, 335: 210-216.
    [17]
    Zhang J, Li N, Chen Y, et al. Corrosion behaviors of US steels in flowing lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE)[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2005, 336(1): 1-10.
    [18]
    Kurata Y, Futakawa M, Saito S. Corrosion behavior of steels in liquid lead-bismuth with low oxygen concentrations [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2008, 373(1-3): 164-178.
    [19]
    Zhang J, Li N. Review of the studies on fundamental issues in LBE corrosion [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2008, 373(1-3): 351-357.
    [20]
    Lyutyi E M. Problems of high-temperature liquid-metal corrosion of refractory metals and alloys [J]. Soviet Materials Science, 1988, 24(5): 441-445.
    [21]
    Kurata Y, Futakawa M, Saito S. Comparison of the corrosion behavior of austenitic and ferritic/martensitic steels exposed to static liquid Pb-Bi at 450 and 550 ℃ [J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2005, 343: 333-340.
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